The Parisian club has now won the prestigious trophy on fourteen separate times.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele found the net in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side struck two times late to seize a shock lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital equaliser in the dying moments to send the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing shootout win.
The record champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the last 13 seasons.